What Are Cannabis Terpenes? A Complete Guide

When you step into a dispensary or open a new container of flower, the first thing that strikes your attention is not the percentage of T H C, but the smell. Whether that smell is the pungent tang of citrus, the skunky smell of diesel, or the soothing calm of lavender, you are experiencing the handiwork of cannabis terpenes.

Consumers have historically been focused almost exclusively on T H C and C B D, but as the science of cannabis continues to improve, we've discovered that the secret to the varied effects and flavors of cannabis is its aromatic profile, and terpenes are the key to moving past the debate of Indica vs. Sativa and finding the experience you want.

What Are Terpenes?

Terpenes are naturally occurring hydrocarbon compounds found in plants' essential oils. Terpenes, as we normally discuss, relate to our discussion on cannabis, but they are actually everywhere in nature.

In the wild, plants develop terpenes as a biological defense mechanism. Their intense aromas deter herbivores that might eat the plant, while simultaneously attracting pollinators. 

While there are over 200 identified terpenes in the cannabis plant, only a handful appear in high enough concentrations to significantly impact your experience.

Why Do Terpenes Matter in Cannabis?

If cannabinoids like T H C and C B D are the "engine" of the cannabis experience, terpenes are the "steering wheel." They dictate the direction the high takes.

In the past, people assumed that the "high" was purely a result of T H C. We now know that terpenes interact with our endocannabinoid system to modulate the effects of cannabinoids. This is why two different strains with 20% T H C can feel completely different; one might leave you energized and focused, while the other puts you straight to sleep.

Beyond the "vibe," terpenes also provide therapeutic benefits. Many terpenes possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, making them a vital component of medical cannabis.

What is the Entourage Effect?

It is impossible to discuss terpenes without addressing the entourage effect. This is the theory that cannabis compounds are more effective when used in combination with other compounds than they are when used in isolation.

When you are using "full-spectrum" cannabis products the cannabinoids and terpenes are working in concert with each other. This is an infinitely more complex and holistic experience than the isolated T H C distillate could ever hope to achieve. The terpene Myrcene, for example, can increase the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing the effects of the T H C to kick in more quickly.

Do Terpenes Affect How Cannabis Makes You Feel?

Absolutely. If you have ever felt "racy" or paranoid after smoking, you likely consumed a strain high in stimulating terpenes like Terpinolene or Pinene. Conversely, if you felt "couch-locked," you likely encountered a Myrcene-heavy profile.

Research indicates that terpenes can influence how much T H C crosses the blood-brain barrier. By altering the speed and intensity of cannabinoid absorption, terpenes essentially "customize" your high. This is why savvy consumers are now shopping by "terpene profile" rather than just looking for the highest T H C percentage.

How to Choose Cannabis Based on Terpenes?

Ready to shop like a pro? 

Let your nose be your guide. Does it have a bright citrus aroma? Then expect "get-stuff-done" vibes. Is it earthy and deep? Then "couch-lock" chill is in your near future. Skip the T H C hunt and look for the dominant terpenes like Limonene (uplifting) and Myrcene (relaxing). When something smells amazing to your nose, it’s usually the exact chemical match for your body.

FAQs

What are cannabis terpenes?

Cannabis terpenes are aromatic compounds produced in the plant’s resin glands. They provide the distinct smell and flavor of different strains and influence the therapeutic effects of cannabis.

What do terpenes do in cannabis?

They provide aroma, protect the plant from pests, and interact with cannabinoids to influence the overall psychoactive and medicinal effects of the strain.

Do terpenes affect how cannabis makes you feel?

Yes. Terpenes can make a high feel more energetic, more sedative, or more focused. They modulate the "shape" of the high produced by THC.

What is the entourage effect in cannabis?

The entourage effect is the theory that the various compounds in cannabis (cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids) work better together than they do individually, creating a more effective and balanced experience.

Can terpenes get you high?

On their own, no. Terpenes are not psychoactive in the way T H C is. However, they significantly alter the quality of the high when consumed alongside cannabinoids.

Conclusion

Knowing about cannabis terpenes completely alters the way you use the product. The focus moves from "getting high" to "getting the right high." Whether you are in the market for the spicy anti-inflammatory properties of Caryophyllene or the citrusy, mood-enhancing properties of Limonene, the terpenes are your guide.

The next time you go into your dispensary or shop online, take a deep breath, take a glance at the test results, and let the terpenes be your guide.

For the highest quality cannabis products with transparent terpene profiles, visit Emerald Imports today.